Coordination Analysis of the Recycling and Remanufacturing Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Consumers’ Low Carbon Preference and Government Subsidy

Guided by the goals of carbon peaking and neutrality, in order to coordinate recycling remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), considering strengthened low-carbon awareness consumers high cost emission reduction(CER), realizing that demand remanufactured product is affected both market price manufacturer’s CER effort manufacturer responsible for CER, this study focuses on hybrid between retailer. Based Stackelberg game theory, it constructs profit models various interested parties under centralized decentralized decision-making consumer low preference coefficient government subsidy coefficient, work out optimal pricing strategy level two decision models, designs a cost-and-benefit-sharing contract chain. The results show that: (1) total amount CLSC are negatively correlated with channel competition coefficient; (2) consumers’ help enhance zeal manufacturers CER; (3) parameters contracts some circumstances contribute alleviating retailer cycling channels increasing CLSC. Meanwhile, CLSC, effort, can be simultaneously improved. Consequently, Pareto improvement sustainable development achieved.